Botulinum toxin therapy for squint

Botulinum toxin therapy for cervical dystonia

Cervical dystonia, or torticollis, is perhaps the most common form of focal dystonia. The discovery that botulinum toxin was beneficial in the treatment of this disorder had a twofold impact. First, it silenced a small minority of physicians who believed that this disorder had a psychogenic basis despite convincing evidence to the contrary. Second, it alerted physicians to the broad potential o...

Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Congenital Blepharospasm

Botulinum toxin injections are the treatment of choice for the management of essential blepharospasm in adults. No cases of congenital blepharospasm have been described in the literature so far, and no cases of botulinum toxin injection in an infant have been reported. A 4-week-old girl was referred to our department with absent eye opening and spasmodically closed eyes. Pregnancy and delivery ...

Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Dystonia: Reasons for Treatment Failure

Botulinum toxin-A therapy for palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis.

In an open study regarding focal hyperhidrosis, we injected 45-65 mouse units of botulinum toxin A (Btx-A) per palm and 100 per sole intracutaneously to 28 hands and 6 feet. We observed patients for up to 10 months to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Btx-A for palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis. The mean sweat production significantly declined for both palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis qu...

Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Cervical Dystonia: The Science of Dosing

The first-line treatment for cervical dystonia (CD) is botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), which has been established as a highly effective and well-tolerated therapy. However, this treatment is also complex and challenging to apply in clinical practice. Approximately 20% of patients discontinue therapy due to treatment failure, adverse effects, and other reasons. In addition, expert consensus rec...